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Spirometry is a common, non-invasive pulmonary function test used to measure how well the lungs work by assessing the volume and speed of air a person can inhale and exhale. It is a fundamental tool for diagnosing, monitoring, and managing respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and other lung disorders.

During a spirometry test, the patient breathes into a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer, following specific instructions such as taking a deep breath and exhaling forcefully. The test measures key parameters including forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁). These values help clinicians evaluate airway obstruction, lung capacity, and disease severity.

Spirometry is widely used in primary care, hospitals, occupational health settings, and clinical research. It assists in early disease detection, assessment of treatment effectiveness, and long-term disease monitoring. The test is also valuable for evaluating lung function before surgery and for monitoring workers exposed to respiratory hazards.

Advances in digital spirometry have improved accuracy, portability, and data integration with electronic health records. Despite its simplicity, proper technique and patient cooperation are essential for reliable results.

Overall, spirometry plays a crucial role in preventive care and respiratory disease management, enabling timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.